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They’re going to become a key part of the new normal. But what will life look like when all our faces are hidden behind a mask?

I’ve always been intrigued by young women on the morning commute putting on their make-up. It’s not just the steady hand I admire, or the number of products that astound me. It’s the matter-of-factness of the artifice being exposed. The recognition that this is what you need to do before you get to work. The dual face, the one you awake with and the one you make.

I seem to be the only one intrigued. Perhaps it so commonplace as to become unremarkable. I wonder whether, we, in time will adjust to the Asian custom of wearing masks to protect oneself and others from illness.

For sure, it is odd right now. But on Thursday, Transport Secretary Grant Shapps announced that wearing a face covering will be mandatory on public transport in England from June 15.

Before Covid-19, we liked to see as much of the face as possible. Growing up, I’d be told to take the hair out of my face. We used to tell groups of people to remove their hoodies or burkahs and niqabs. They were designated as menacing, as a conscious act of concealing, almost as though they are an assault on the onlooker rather than cultural or religious expression.

The full face is how we recognise one another and we aren’t yet practised in reading the other just from their eyes. We will learn to focus on eyes certainly as more of us wear masks, but faces haven’t been just the sculpted dermis around our eyes, nose, mouth and jaws. Faces interest us so because they reveal something about the inside too; the experience of living, from ageing, to our activities, to our emotional temperature. We know that if a smile is a carapace for not quite being comfortable with what one feels, that face can reveal what it endeavours to hide.

Faces are transparent. We see anger, confusion, hurt flit across the face of a lover or a child when we get something wrong for them. We register when we are being listened to and when our listeners attention has drifted. We show our disapproval or interest in and to others and they pick that up just as we too pick up their facial expression and interpret it within milliseconds, without either of us being conscious of doing so.

In recent weeks, some of the most recognisable faces in the world – from Gwyneth Paltrow and Naomi Campbell to Meghan Markle and Donald Trump – have all been photographed in their masks. So how much more difficult will it be to manage faces concealed behind a protective covering?

The masks we are encouraged to wear to prevent the spread of coronavirus have none of the pleasure of concealment of the carnival or fancy dress mask, where our ersatz menace or our sexiness is tantalising. Masks for fun are explicitly designed to invite pleasure and intrigue. They do. In exaggerating the look, whether clown, ghost, prince, Cinderella, Hallowe’en or Disney character, we can be charmed and only a kind of pretend scared.

Ritualised masquerades, though, are no preparation for a mask on the Underground or street or at work. The mask today signifies fear and illness and protection. We are already suffering from flattened faces and bodies on Zoom calls; now we are to accustom ourselves to faces mostly blanked out.

The psychological thing to get one’s head around is that we were told initially we are wearing a mask primarily to protect the other person, and that they are wearing their mask to protect us. When New Yorkers get het up about people who are out in full face, they have well understood that. There are handwritten signs in street level apartment windows saying: “Wear your mask. Respect the right of others to be protected.”

But, when one puts a mask on, it paradoxically seems like an act of self-protection.

The physical strangeness and discomfort of doing so feels as though we are putting ourselves in a psychological twist, turning an impulse of disagreeable self-care into a statement of altruism. What’s interesting is that the current guidance seems to blur the message by stating how the mask will protect the wearer. In a discussion on the merits of masks for the general public on BBC Radio 4’s Inside Science last month, the evidence for personal masks was shown to be scanty, just like the actual suggestion for the common-sense evidence for handwashing. We intuitively bought into handwashing. We know the sanitising properties of soap and water and we were schooled in learning about public health initiatives from the 19th century to provide clean water and do away with sewage in the streets.

But masks are something different. When we are in the street, we are not being bombarded with the likes of the serious viral load occurring in hospitals and for carers and supermarket workers who all need PPE. Obviously close up, in public transport or in a factory or office, viral load is a considerable factor and so it makes obvious sense and the discomfort lessens. The craving for a personal boundary in a crowded train or bus has long been familiar, and the mask maybe a way of gently protecting us in those environments.

It was fascinating that the Government underestimated our capacity for obedience when it ordered the lockdown. Wondering why this was, beyond the hackneyed notions of our exceptionalism and eccentricity, I thought how very far from consideration by behavioural sciences are understandings from psychoanalysis, depth psychology and attachment theory. These theories show how the human psyche is at once complex and extremely simple.

When we are excluded, misunderstood, deprived, unhappy, disregarded, insulted, isolated, discriminated against and so on, we develop (both as groups and as individuals) a range of unpleasant behaviours. We can be mean, aggressive, withdrawn, uncooperative, viciously competitive, belligerent. We can be anti-social and ever more so if disregard continues. But, if and when we feel included, when we feel we belong, our attachment system kicks in and expresses altruistic caring behaviours.

The society lockdown was successful because we were, for a while, in it together. Selflessness and considerable hardship for many were tolerated because people felt valued as individuals able to contribute to the public good. The fractures in society temporarily abated. Psychological and behavioural is both personal and social.

Now, in being encouraged to wear a mask, we are asked to do something off-putting and potentially divisive because of its intrinsic difficulties. Will we witness the divide that is sweeping the United States, where the mask can be a symbol of one’s politics? Alt-Right folk refuse to ‘mask’, while democrats mask up. Last month, when Donald Trump finally agreed to appear in public in a mask, under duress while touring the Ford car plant in Michigan where it is now strict company policy. Pointedly, he removed it before addressing the awaiting media.

The psychotherapist is trained to see the masked persona in the consulting room. Not in a “gotcha!” way, but by understanding the necessity of protecting the private selves that we inhabit. As we find a way to adapt to the reality of masks, it will remind us that the world we have created is not one that can be sanitised. Like our personal selves, it is complicated.

It is wonderful to experience parks and streets with reduced pollution, to see spring in its especial glory this year, but this sits aside the anguishing knowledge that to really yield respite from the poison we have wrought, we will need to unmask ourselves and not shy away from what needs doing to make a sustainable home planet for all of us.

February, 2018.

During the latter months of 2017, Professor Brett Kahr had the privilege of delivering a number of lectures to various organisations. He had the pleasant experience of speaking to the Academic Faculty of the Anna Freud Centre in London on his work with profoundly disabled patients. He also had the enjoyable opportunity of talking to the Oxford Centre for Life-Writing, at Wolfson College, University of Oxford, sharing a platform with its Director, Dame Professor Hermione Lee, the eminent biographer, and with Andrew O’Hagan, the noted novelist. Kahr spoke about his works of “imaginative non-fiction”, namely, his “posthumous interviews” with Sigmund Freud and Donald Winnicott, in his books Coffee with Freud and Tea with Winnicott. Additionally, he addressed the West Midlands Institute of Psychotherapy in Birmingham on the treatment of sexual symptoms; and he spoke about Freud’s psychiatric humanitarianism to the Caspari Foundation for educational psychotherapists. He also talked to the College for Sexual and Relational Therapy on the dilemmas facing contemporary psychosexual practitioners, and he delivered a talk to Tavistock Relationships on the marital life of the famous psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott, based on archival research and personal interviews with family members, exploring what lessons Winnicott’s marriages might teach contemporary couple psychologists. Kahr also facilitated a day-long workshop at Tavistock Relationships on the traumatic origins of sexual fantasy, to celebrate the tenth anniversary of the publication of his book Sex and the Psyche.

In terms of new publications, his book on Life Lessons from Freud has now appeared in two separate editions in Farsi. His obituary of the distinguished psychoanalyst Dr. Robert Langs has been published in the Journal of Psychotherapy and Counselling Psychology Reflections, while his obituary of the much-loved British psychotherapist Dr. Alan Corbett has appeared in the British Journal of Psychotherapy. His article on “hostliness” in the art of psychotherapy has been published in The Psychotherapist, the newsletter of the United Kingdom Council for Psychotherapy, while his tribute to Karnac Books of London and, also, his reminiscences of Dr. R.D. Laing have been printed in New Associations, the newsletter of the British Psychoanalytic Council. He has also written a foreword for the new, extremely moving memoir, Growing Up Alexander: My Life with a Psychoanalytic Pioneer, by Ilonka Venier Alexander, granddaughter of one of Sigmund Freud’s leading disciples, Professor Franz Alexander – one of the landmark figures in the history of psychosomatic medicine. His book review of Ruby Wax’s manual on mindfulness appeared in The New Review of The Observer.

Most recently, Brett Kahr published his tenth book, an edited Festschrift entitled New Horizons in Forensic Psychotherapy: Exploring the Work of Estela V. Welldon (Karnac Books, 2018), in honour of the eightieth birthday of his esteemed former teacher and supervisor, the great Dr. Estela Welldon. The book appears in the “Forensic Psychotherapy Monograph Series”, which Kahr has curated for the past twenty-one years, and contains essays by many of Welldon’s former trainees. In addition to the editorial work by Kahr, the book contains his chapters on the history of forensic psychoanalysis – about working with offender patients over the last century – as well as his chapter on the perpetration of acts of sadism by non-forensic patients. The International Association for Forensic Psychotherapy hosted a book launch at the Freud Museum London at which both Kahr and Welldon spoke.

In terms of media appearances, Kahr has recently been interviewed by broadcaster Gyles Brandreth for a documentary about the psychology of change, which appeared on B.B.C. Radio 4, and he has just participated in a ten-hour radio series on Sigmund Freud for France Culture, currently in production for broadcast during the summer of 2018. Additionally, Kahr gave two interviews for the popular psychology podcast “Shrink Rap Radio”, in which Dr. David Van Nuys interviewed him about Tea with Winnicott and Coffee with Freud.

Kahr’s two most recent books are currently in press and will be published later in 2018. The first, Bombs in the Consulting Room: Surviving Psychological Shrapnel, explores Kahr’s work with dangerous and challenging patients. The second, Celebrity Mad: Why Otherwise Intelligent People Worship Fame, based on his Lionel Monteith Memorial Lecture at St. Thomas’s Hospital Medical School, examines the unconscious roots of celebrity worship. Both books will appear from Routledge / Taylor and Francis.